Note: Quran (15:18:1) represents the Para (Juzz) # 15, chapter # 18, and verse # 1.

Triptotes and Diptotes (Seq # 11)

This is a very important topic to understand. Nouns in the Arabic language are categorized as Triptotes and Diptotes based on the complete or partial declension of nouns.

A noun with complete declension has two dammah when it is مَرفُوعٌ, two fatah when it is مَــنْــصُــوْبٌ and two kathrah when it is مَجْرُورٌ. Such a noun is called as triptote.

Triptote Examples

Case	Examples of Triptotes
مَــرْفُــوْعٌ	كَتابٌ	مُحَمَّدٌ	حَامِدٌ
مَــنْــصُــوْبٌ	كِتَابًــا	مُحَمَّدً	حَامِدً
مَــجْــرُوْرٌ	كِتَابٍ	مُحَمَّدٍ	حَامِدٍ

A noun with partial declension has one dammah when it is مَرفُوعٌ, one fatah when it is مَــنْــصُــوْبٌ and one fatah when it is مَجْرُورٌ. In partial declension a noun do not end with tanveen. Such a noun is called as diptote.

Diptote Examples

Case	Examples of Diptotes
مَــرْفُــوْعٌ	مَرْيَمُ	إبْراهيمُ	فِرْعَونُ
مَــنْــصُــوْبٌ	مَرْيَمَ	إبْراهيمَ	فِرْعَونَ
مَــجْــرُوْرٌ	مَرْيَمَ	إبْراهيمَ	فِرْعَونَ

Observe the endings in the end of above nouns. They don’t end with tanveens.

Exercises

• State TRUE or FALSE: Read the verse Quran (15:18:31). The word أَسَــاوِرَ (A bracelets) which is a diptote is present in this verse.
• State TRUE or FALSE: Read the verse Quran (16:18:106). The word جَهَنَّمُ (hell) which is a diptote is present in this verse.
• State TRUE or FALSE: Read the verse Quran (16:18:94). The words يَــأجُــوجَ and مَــأجُــوجَ are diptotes and not present in this verse.
• State TRUE or FALSE: Read the verse Quran (15:18:37). The word رَجُــلاً (A man) is a triptote and is present in this verse.
• State TRUE or FALSE: The word سَــاعَــةٌ (An hour) is a triptote.

Ending of a Diptote noun is Fatah in case of مَنْصُوْبٌ  and مَجْرُوْرٌ (Seq # 12)

In the last session we have learnt triptotes and diptotes. For its importance, it is to note once again that the endings of Diptotes in the case of مَــنْصُوبٌ  and مَــجرُورٌ  form are Fatah (i.e, Zabar). Observe the following examples to recognize Fatah (i.e, Zabar) in the case of مَــنْصُوبٌ  and مَــجرُورٌ.

Case	Examples of Diptotes
مَــرْفُــوْعٌ	مَرْيَمُ	إبْراهيمُ	فِرْعَونُ
مَــنْــصُــوْبٌ	مَرْيَمَ	إبْراهيمَ	فِرْعَونَ
مَــجْــرُوْرٌ	مَرْيَمَ	إبْراهيمَ	فِرْعَونَ

Exercises

• State TRUE or FALSE: The مَــنْــصُــوْبٌ ending of a diptote noun is not Dammah.
• State TRUE or FALSE: The مَــنْــصُــوْبٌ and مَــجْــرُورٌ endings of a diptote noun is Fatah.
• State TRUE or FALSE: Diptote nouns do not end with tanveen (two dammah, two fatah, two kathrah).

First two categories of Diptotes (Seq # 13)

There are few categories of nouns which are diptotes in the Arabic language. In this session, two categories with examples are given below.

Category # 1  (All feminine person (Women) name nouns are Diptotes)

Case	Examples of Feminine Person names
Marfoun	مَرْيَمُ	فَاطِمةُ	زَيْنَبُ
مَــنْــصُــوْبٌ	مَرْيَمَ	فَاطِمةَ	زَيْنَبَ
Majroor	مَرْيَمَ	فَاطِمةَ	زَيْنَبَ

Category # 2  (All Foreign name nouns are Diptotes)

Arabic language considers the names like Ibrahim, Ismail, London, Washington, Yaajooj, Majooj etc as foreign names as compare to Mohammed, Hamid etc as local names. So, all foreign name nouns in the Arabic language are diptotes. Examples below.

Case	Examples of Foreign name nouns
Marfoun	لَنْدَنُ	إبْراهيمُ	فِرْعَونُ
مَــنْــصُــوْبٌ	لَنْدَنَ	إبْراهيمَ	فِرْعَونَ
Majroor	لَنْدَنَ	إبْراهيمَ	فِرْعَونَ

Other categories of diptotes will be discussed as and when required.

Exercises

• State TRUE or FALSE: In the Arabic language, the name مُحَمَّدٌ is not a foreign name.
• State TRUE or FALSE: Read the verse Quran (16:18:94). The two words يَأجُوجَ and مَأجُوجَ are diptotes because they are foreign names and are present in this verse.
• State TRUE or FALSE: All the foreign name nouns are diptotes in the Arabic language.

Answers to the exercises

Triptotes and Diptotes (Seq # 11)	T, T, F, T, T
Ending of a Diptote noun is Fatah in case of مَنْصُوب  and مَجْرُور (Seq # 12)	T, T, T
First two categories of Diptotes (Seq # 13)	T, T, T